credits

“Hanacpachap cussicuinin.” Translated by Rosaleen Howard. Fire Burning in Snow (Ex Cathedra Baroque Ensemble, Jeffrey Skidmore, conductor), 2008. Reprinted by permission of Rosaleen Howard, Newcastle University, Chair of Hispanic Studies.

Tomás de Torrejón y Velasco, “No sé, que a sombra me dormí,” from La púrpura de la rosa. Edition of Spanish text and English translation by Rosaleen Howard. Reprinted by permission of Rosaleen Howard.

1.1 Courtesy of T.M. Scruggs

1.2 REUTERS / Sergio Moraes SM/KS

1.3 REUTERS / Desmond Boylan

1.4 Jay I. Kislak Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Washington, DC

1.5 Courtesy of © Jonathan Ritter

1.6 Schalkwijk / Art Resource NY

1.7 Montecruz Foto / Flikr

1.8 SUN / Newscom

1.9 © UNESCO

2.1 Courtesy of T.M. Scruggs

2.2 Courtesy of Saints Shall Arise.com

2.3 Gary Todd / Wikimedia Common

2.4 Gary Todd / Wikimedia Commons

2.5 Digital Florentine Codex/Códice Florentino Digital, edited by Kim N. Richter and Alicia Maria Houtrouw, "Book 12: The Conquest of Mexico", fol. 33v, Getty Research Institute, 2023.

2.6 Códice Florentino, ca.1560 / Wikimedia Commons

2.7 Gusvel / Wikimedia Commons

2.8 Museo Nacional de Arte (MUNAL), Mexico / Wikimedia Commons

2.9 Márcio Vinícius Pinheiro / Flickr

2.10 Museo del Arzobispado, Cuzco, Peru

José Alfredo Jiménez, “El hijo del pueblo.” “Solamente Una Vez” Written by Agustin Lara Peer International Corporation o/b/o PHAM (BMI)

Manuel Esperón and Ernesto M. Cortázar, “¡Ay! Jalisco no te rajes.” “Solamente Una Vez” Written by Agustin Lara Peer International Corporation o/b/o PHAM (BMI)

Agustín Lara, “Solamente una vez.” Translated by John Koegel. “Solamente Una Vez” Written by Agustin Lara Peer International Corporation o/b/o PHAM (BMI)

“Eres” Words and Music by Ruben Isaac Albarran Ortega, Enrique Rangel Arroyo, Jose Alfredo Rangel Arroyo and Emanuel Del Real Diaz. Copyright © 2003 EDITORA AZUL, EDITORA BACHILLER, EDITORA MUSICA DE TUBOS and EDITORA OSO. All Rights Controlled and Administered by SONGS OF UNIVERSAL, INC. All Rights Reserved Used by Permission. Reprinted by Permission of Hal Leonard LLC

Carlos Mejía Godoy, “Credo” from La misa campesina nicaragüense. Translated into English by T.M. Scruggs. Original lyrics and translation reprinted by permission of Carlos Mejía Godoy.

Rómulo Castro, “La rosa de los vientos.” Reprinted and translated into English by T.M. Scruggs. Original lyrics and translation reprinted by permission of Rómulo Castro.

Rafael Pérez García, “Fuego de Cumbia,” as performed by Los Gaiteros de San Jacinto. © Smithsonian/Folkways, reprinted by permission.

Rosendo Romero Ospino, “Cadenas.” Words and music by Rosendo Romero Ospino. Permission to use has been requested and is in process.

Reynaldo Armas, “El indio,” from Historia musical del llano, vol. 1. Reprinted and translated into English by permission of the composer.

Félix Calderón Chacin, “Los dos titanes” as performed by Daisy Gutiérrez. Reprinted and translated into English by T.M. Scruggs by permission of the performer.

Miguel Urbina, “Sueños de Guillermo.” Translated into English by T.M. Scruggs. Original lyrics and translation reprinted by permission of Miguel Urbina.

3.1 Courtesy of T.M. Scruggs

3.2 Yvette Cardozo / Alamy Stock Photo

3.3 New York Public Library / Wikimedia Commons

3.4 John Mitchell / Alamy Stock Photo

3.5 Antonio Vanegas Arroyo, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division.

3.6 IMAGO / Carlos Santiago / Alamy Stock Photo

3.7 Courtesy of John Koegel

3.8a Julio Enriquez / Wikimedia Commons

3.8b Dwight McCann / Wikimedia Commons

3.9 The Regents of the University of California / UCLA Library Special Collections / Wikimedia Commons

3.10 Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division.

3.11 Rodrigo Reyes Marin / ZUMAPRESS / Newscom

3.12 Tania Victoria / Secretaría de Cultura de la Ciudad de México

3.13 Courtesy of John Koegel

3.14 Daniel Case / Wikimedia Commons

3.15 Agencia el Universal / GDA Photo Service / Newscom

Adolfo Alfonso and Justo Vega, “Controversia.” Translated by Robin Moore. Courtesy of la familia Adolfo Alfonso/Reprinted by permission of the family of Adolfo Alfonso.

Sindo Garay, “En opuestas regiones.” Transcription by Robin Moore, by permission of Ned Sublette, Qbadisc Records.

Miguel Matamoros, “Beso discreto.” Translated by Robin Moore. Used by Permission of Peer International Corporation.

“Ritmo En El Corazón.” Words and Music by Juan R. Ortiz Gonzalez Copyright © 1988 Fania Music. All Rights Administered by Concord Copyrights c/o Concord Music Publishing. All Rights Reserved. Used by Permission. Reprinted by Permission of Hal Leonard LLC

“Píntame,” Words and Music by Elvis Crespo. Copyright © 1999 CD Elvis Music Publishing and Sony/ATV Latin Music Publishing LLC. All Rights Administered by Sony Music Publishing LLC, 424 Church Street, Suite 1200, Nashville, TN 37219. International Copyright Secured All Rights Reserved. Reprinted by permission of Hal Leonard LLC

Silvio Rodríguez, “En estos días.” © Copyright 1978, lyrics and music by Silvio Rodríguez Domínguez. Editorial OJALÁ S.L. Used by permission.

Tego Calderón, “Loíza.” Translated by Robin Moore. From El abayarde, Malito Music, Inc. dba Hecho en PR Entertainment, Inc. (ASCAP). Reprinted and translated into English by permission of Kenya Calderón-Rosario.

4.1 Courtesy of T.M. Scruggs

4.2 Courtesy of T.M. Scruggs

4.3 Courtesy of T.M. Scruggs

4.4a Wikimedia Commons

4.5 Courtesy of T.M. Scruggs

4.6 Courtesy of Andrés Orellana

4.7 Courtesy of T.M. Scruggs

4.8 Creative Commons

4.9 SUN / Newscom

4.10 Brent Hellickson / Wikimedia Commons

4.11 Courtesy of T.M. Scruggs

4.12 Atlas de Tradiciones de Venezuela / Wikimedia Commons

4.13 Courtesy of Daisy Gutiérrez

4.14a Courtesy of ENIGRAC

4.14 Courtesy of T.M. Scruggs

4.15 Creative Commons

Passaro Sonhador. Words and Music by Jose Augusto Pinto Cardoso and Antonio Carlos Moreira Batata Copyright © 1999 MERCURY PROD. E EDICOES MUSICALES LTDA. All Rights Controlled and Administered by UNIVERSAL MUSICA UNICA PUBLISHING All Rights Reserved Used by Permission. Reprinted by Permission of Hal Leonard LLC.

Fogão de Lenha” by Chitãozinho & Xororó Permission to use has been requested and is in process.

“O Canto Da Cidade.” Words and Music by Daniela Mercuri De Almeida and Antonio Jorge Souza Dos Santos Copyright © 1993 by Paginas Do Mar Edicoes Musicais Ltda. All Rights Administered by Universal Music - MGB Songs International Copyright Secured All Rights Reserved. Reprinted by Permission of Hal Leonard LLC.

Aquarela Brasileira (Aquarela Do Brasil) (Brasil). Words and Music by Ary Barroso Copyright © 1939 by Irmaos Vitale Copyright Renewed. All Rights for the World excluding Brazil Administered by Peer International Corporation International Copyright Secured All Rights Reserved Reprinted by Permission of Hal Leonard LLC.

Tropicália” by Caetano Veloso. Permission to use has been requested and is in process.

“Alagados” by Paralamas do Sucesso. Permission to use has been requested and is in process.

"Rap Capitulo 4, versiculo 3." © © Os Racionais MC. Used by permission.

Aria from Bachianas Brasileiras #5, lyrics by Ruth Valadares Correia (Translation by Angela Prado) Permission to use has been requested and is in process.

5.1 Courtesy of T.M. Scruggs

5.2a Courtesy © Daniel Piper

5.2b Courtesy of Robin Moore

5.3 AP Photo / Jim Kerlin

5.4a DPST / Newscom

5.4b Lesthert / Wikipedia Commons

5.5 Courtesy of Richard Huntley

5.6 Courtesy of Robin Moore

5.7 Courtesy of Robin Moore

5.8 Library of Congress, Digital Collections.

5.9 Courtesy of Robin Moore

5.10 AP Photo / Wilfredo Lee

5.11 Wikimedia Commons

5.12a Courtesy of Ministry of Culture, Cuba

5.12b Zeroth / Wikimedia Commons

5.13 Ventura Mendoza / Wikimedia Commons

5.14 Gabriel Guerra Biancini / Wikimedia Commons

5.15 Erinc Salor / Wikimedia Commons